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This paper highlights that world economic activity slowed in 1989 to about 3 percent from an exceptionally rapid rate of 4 percent in 1988. The growth of output is expected to moderate further in 1990, to 2¼ percent, before picking up to about 3 percent in 1991. The slowdown reflects the restrictive monetary policies that have been implemented in most industrial countries to deal with pressures on productive capacity and rising inflation. Output growth is expected to decline further in 1990 in North America and the United Kingdom.

Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: General --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- National Security and War --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Industrial Organization: General --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Current account balance --- Defense spending --- Industrial sector --- Real interest rates --- Prices --- Balance of payments --- Expenditure --- Economic sectors --- Financial services --- Expenditures, Public --- Industries --- Saving and investment --- United States

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Debts, Public --- Law and legislation --- dette publique --- france --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 336.32 --- 336.61 --- 336.310 --- 336.301 --- 336.312.0 --- 336.401 --- 336.302 --- openbare schuld --- frankrijk --- Beheer van de rijksschuld. Road shows. --- Financieel beleid. --- Techniek van het overheidskrediet: algemeenheden. --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld. --- Uitgifte- en aflossingsvoorwaarden van leningen van de overheid: algemeenheden. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld. --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld --- Weerslag van de rijksschuld --- Techniek van het overheidskrediet: algemeenheden --- Uitgifte- en aflossingsvoorwaarden van leningen van de overheid: algemeenheden --- Beheer van de rijksschuld. Road shows --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Financieel beleid

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This paper focuses on principles and various aspects of debt reduction and economic activity. The paper analyzes the effect of debt and debt-service reduction on the contractual and market values of a country's debt and also describes the IMF staff's preliminary attempts to describe and quantify the macroeconomic effects of debt and debt-service reduction. The method by which the buyback is financed is critical in determining how much debt reduction takes place, or, alternatively put, how much the price of debt rises. It is assumed in this paper that individual creditors are free to retain their existing claims and that these cannot be subordinated to new claims. It should be recognized at the outset that the approach used is but one of several possibilities. It should also be emphasized that the discussion is preliminary and that results will need to be reassessed as less restrictive assumptions are employed and as our understanding of the important economic relationships involved improves.

Debt relief --- Debts, External --- Mathematical models. --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Debt renegotiation --- Debt rescheduling --- Debt restructuring --- Relief, Debt --- Renegotiation, Debt --- Rescheduling, Debt --- Restructuring, Debt --- Debtor and creditor --- Law and legislation --- Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financing Policy --- Financial Risk and Risk Management --- Capital and Ownership Structure --- Value of Firms --- Goodwill --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- International economics --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Investment & securities --- Debt reduction --- Interest payments --- Debt service payments --- Private debt --- External debt --- Asset and liability management --- National accounts --- Debt service --- Money --- Saving and investment --- United States

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336.2 --- Debts, Public --- -Finance --- -Fiscal policy --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 336.61 --- 336.32 --- 334.4 --- 336.301 --- 336.401 --- Fiscal policy --- -Debts, Public --- -336.3 --- 336.2 Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- 336.2 Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Congresses --- Financieel beleid. --- Beheer van de rijksschuld. Road shows. --- Openbare financiën. Samenwerking op fiscaal gebied. --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld. --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie. --- Government policy --- 336.2 <1-772> --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- 336.2 <1-772> Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- 336.2 <1-772> Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- Finance --- 336.3 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Openbare financiën. Samenwerking op fiscaal gebied --- Toestand, structuur, rentelast en evolutie van de rijksschuld --- Beheer van de rijksschuld. Road shows --- Verband tussen begrotingspolitiek en economische evolutie --- Financieel beleid --- pays en voie de developpement --- politique fiscale --- 338.340 --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 339.96 --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- ontwikkelingslanden --- fiscaal beleid --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Conferences - Meetings --- Congresses. --- Fiscal policy - Congresses. --- Debts, Public - Congresses. --- Finance - Congresses.